Cataract

A cataract is the clouding of the eye’s natural transparent optical lens, known as the crystalline lens. This condition hinders light rays from passing through the eye, leading to gradual vision loss, which can ultimately result in blindness.

What causes cataracts?

Cataracts are primarily an age-related condition. However, they can also be congenital, often caused by infectious diseases experienced by the mother during pregnancy.

Risk factors for developing cataracts include:

• Smoking
• Excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays
• Prolonged use of certain medications (e.g., hormonal drugs)
• Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes, atherosclerosis, atopic dermatitis)
• Eye injuries

How common are cataracts, and at what age do they typically appear?

The risk of cataracts increases with age. Early symptoms may appear as early as 40–45 years of age. Approximately 50% of people aged 75 have cataracts.

Symptoms of cataracts:

• Blurred vision
• Yellowing of colors
• Double vision
• Increased light sensitivity
• Impaired night vision

Can cataracts be prevented?

There are no specific preventive measures to completely avoid cataracts. However, the following recommendations may help:

• Consume foods rich in vitamins A and E
• Reduce tobacco use
• Wear sunglasses
• Monitor blood glucose levels

Treatment

The only effective treatment for cataracts is surgery, during which the clouded lens is removed and replaced with an artificial one. The procedure is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia and typically lasts 10–15 minutes.

At Mzera Medical Center, we offer seamless cataract surgeries and a wide selection of high-quality artificial lenses. The removal of the clouded lens is performed using ultrasound phacoemulsification (seamless surgery), and the artificial lens is implanted through a small incision.

The belief that the lens must "mature" before surgery is incorrect. Timely treatment significantly improves outcomes.